《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(8): 1272-1278

植物细胞壁多糖乙酰化修饰与生物学功能

张兰军, 张保才^*, 周奕华

中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所, 植物基因组学国家重点实验室, 北京100101

通信作者：张保才；E-mail: bczhang@genetics.ac.cn

摘　要：

乙酰化修饰是植物细胞壁多糖最为普遍的修饰形式, 调控细胞壁理化性质及多聚物间相互交联, 并影响细胞壁结构与功能。植物生长发育过程中, 多糖的乙酰化修饰呈现一定的规律性和动态变化, 表明细胞壁多糖乙酰化修饰受到了严格的调控。近年来随着多种类型的乙酰转移酶和乙酰酯酶的发现, 揭示了多糖乙酰化修饰调控机制的复杂性。这些关键酶的功能鉴定也为探究多糖乙酰化修饰的生物学功能提供了重要线索。乙酰化修饰变异影响植物生长发育, 并调控植物的抗逆反应。此外, 乙酰化修饰的改变还可影响植物纤维生物质的利用价值, 一些关键酶因而有望成为改良农艺性状和提高纤维生物质利用价值的靶标。围绕上述方面, 本文总结了该领域所取得的进展, 并对面临的挑战进行了展望。

关键词：细胞壁; 多糖; 乙酰化修饰; 乙酰转移酶; 乙酰酯酶

收稿：2018-03-22   修定：2018-07-17

资助：国家自然科学基金(31571247)。

Progress on polysaccharide acetylation in plant cell wall

ZHANG Lan-Jun, ZHANG Bao-Cai^*, ZHOU Yi-Hua

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Bao-Cai; E-mail: bczhang@genetics.ac.cn

Abstract:

O-acetylation is a predominant modification on plant cell wall and affects the physicochemical properties and interaction ways of cell-wall polymers, which consequently modulate cell wall structure and function. Polysaccharide acetylation often shows a regular pattern and a specific profile in different plant species and among various developing stages, implying that acetylation modification is tightly and precisely controlled. Recently, several kinds of enzymes have been identified to act as polysaccharide acetyltransferases and acetylesterases, which provides an insight into how plants precisely control acetyl-ester profiles on polysaccharides, indicating a complicated mechanism. Characterization of the key factors for polysaccharide acetylation has revealed that cell wall acetylation not only modulates plant growth and development, but also affects the resistance to pathogen and/or abiotic stresses. Furthermore, acetylation may alter the utilization value of lignocellulosic biomass. All those provide a tool to improve the related agronomic traits and biomass property in crop breeding. In this review, the progress on cell wall acetylation and the relevant challenges are summarized.

Key words: cell wall; polysaccharides; acetylation; acetyltransferase; acetylesterase